|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
Both efficient and pleasing to the eye, the ball bearing can be seen as
an emblem of the machine age — a name often used to define the 1920s
and 1930s, when industrial designers as well as consumers took a new interest
in the look and style of commercial products. Even parts of machines could
be appreciated for their beauty, which came from the purity of abstract
geometry. Good design was considered by modernists as essential to the
elevation of society, and in 1934, this ball bearing was among the first
works to enter The New York Museum of Modern Art's design collection. Designed
by Sven Wingquist, this sturdy steel ball bearing is composed of a double
layer of balls in a race. This type of bearing was structurally superior
to the sliding bearing, which wastes energy in realigning machinery shafts
thrown off during assembly-line manufacturing. The self-aligning quality
of the ball bearing made it a superior product, since the bearing could
absorb some shaft misalignment without lowering its endurance.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
This is a Deep Groove Ball Bearing.
|
|
Which loads can it take?
|
|
|
• Radial
loads only
|
|
• Radial
loads and some axial load
|
|
|
Que cargas pode suportar um Rolamento de Esferas Rígido, como o representado
na figura?
|
|
|
• Apenas
cargas radiais
|
|
• Cargas
radiais e alguma carga axial
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
View or download my Glossary of Bearings published at Confluências – Scientific and Technical Translation e-Journal
|
|
|
Veja ou importe o meu Glossário de Apoios, Chumaceiras e Rolamentos publicado em Confluências – Revista de Tradução Científica e Técnica
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
From top to bottom, how would you call these parts/objects?
|
|
|
• Pipe
wrench or adjustable wrench?
|
|
• Eyelet
pin or cotter pin?
|
|
• Ring
wrench or box wrench?
|
|
|
De cima para baixo, estas peças são designadas:
|
|
|
• Chave
de tubos ou chave inglesa?
|
|
• Pino
de olhal ou troço?
|
|
• Chave
de anel ou chave de caixa?
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
 |
|
Which machine elements do you see in this hand bone drill?
|
|
|
• Rack
and pinion
|
|
• Screw
|
|
• Worm
gear
|
|
• Crank
|
|
• Bevel
gear
|
|
|
Quais os órgãos de máquinas presentes neste berbequim cirúrgico?
|
|
|
• Pinhão
e cremalheira
|
|
• Parafuso
|
|
• Engrenagem
sem fim
|
|
• Manivela
|
|
• Engrenagem
cónica
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
A small pitch diameter reduces the sliding _______ and increases the efficiency
of the worm.
|
|
|
• Addendum
|
|
• Dedendum
|
|
• Working
Depth
|
|
• Velocity
|
|
|
Um diâmetro da circunferência primitiva reduzido reduz o/a ______ de escorregamento
e aumenta o rendimento da engrenagem sem-fim.
|
|
|
• Cabeça
do dente
|
|
• Pé do
dente
|
|
• Profundidade
de trabalho
|
|
• Velocidade
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber in 1844 that was later used
for tires.
• In 1888, John Dunlop
invented the air-filled or pneumatic tires, however, his were for bicycles.
• In 1895, André Michelin
was the first person to use pneumatic tires on an automobile, however,
not successfully.
• In 1911, Philip Strauss
invented the first successful tire, which was a combination tire and air
filled inner tube. Strauss' company the Hardman Tire & Rubber Company
marketed the tires.
• In 1903, P.W. Litchfield
of the Goodyear Tire Company patented the first tubeless tire, however,
it was never commercially exploited until the 1954 Packard.
• In 1904, mountable
rims were introduced that allowed drivers to fix their own flats.
• In 1908, Frank Seiberling
invented grooved tires with improved road traction.
• In 1910, B.F. Goodrich
Company invented longer life ties by adding carbon to the rubber. Goodrich
also invented the first synthetic rubber tires in 1937 made of a patented
substance called Chemigum.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
What is the name for the pattern or grooves in a car tire?
|
|
|
• Matrix
|
|
• Tread
|
|
• Tire
configuration
|
|
• Cut marks
|
|
|
Que nome têm os sulcos de um pneu que contactam com o pavimento.
|
|
|
• Matriz
|
|
• Piso
|
|
• Configuração
do pneu
|
|
• Marcas
de corte
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
To produce conditioned air in a vehicle, refrigerant has to cycle in the
following sequence:
• At the Compressor,
it is pressurised (and, hence, heated), travelling then as a vapor to the
Condenser and forward to a Receiver Drier, where moisture and debris are
removed.
• The refrigerant then
travels towards the back of the engine where an expansion valve lets it
expand rapidly (hence lowering its temperature and pressure), thus allowing
cool refrigerant into the Evaporator, situated right behind the Heater.
• The cold Evaporator
draws heat from the warm air in the heater box, thus cooling the air, which
is then distributed through vents into the vehicle cabin.
• And returns by suction
to the Compressor...to start all over again.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
The image shows the diagram of an automotive air conditioning system. In
any A/C sistem, the Refrigerant leaves the Condenser as
|
|
|
• Superheated
Vapor
|
|
• Sub-cooled
(compressed) Liquid
|
|
• Saturated
Liquid
|
|
• Expanded
Liquid
|
|
|
A imagem indica o esquema do sistema de ar condicionado de um automóvel.
Em qualquer sistema de A/C, o Refrigerante sai do Condensador sob a forma
de
|
|
|
• Vapor
sobreaquecido
|
|
• Líquido
subarrefecido (comprimido)
|
|
• Líquido
saturado
|
|
• Líquido
dilatado
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
 |
|
In the Evaporator, the refrigerant changes to a
|
|
|
• Saturated
Liquid
|
|
• Sub-cooled
(compressed) Liquid
|
|
• Superheated
Vapor
|
|
• Expanded
Liquid
|
|
|
No Evaporador, o refrigerante é transformado em
|
|
|
• Líquido
saturado
|
|
• Líquido
subarrefecido (comprimido)
|
|
• Vapor
sobreaquecido
|
|
• Líquido
expandido
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
American car manufacturer, Henry Ford (1863-1947) invented an improved
assembly line and installed the first conveyor belt-based assembly line
in his car factory in Ford's Highland Park, Michigan plant, around 1913-14.
The assembly line reduced production costs for cars by reducing assembly
time. Ford's famous Model T was assembled in ninety-three minutes. Ford
made his first car, called the "Quadricycle," in June, 1896.
However, success came after he formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903. This
was the third car manufacturing company formed to produce the cars he designed.
He introduced the Model T in 1908 and it was a success. After installing
the moving assembly lines in his factory in 1913, Ford became the world's
biggest car manufacturer. By 1927, 15 million Model Ts had been manufactured.
Through mass production and competition from other manufacturers, the price
of a Model T dropped from $575 to $290, making it affordable to the middle
class.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
Which car auto makers are known as "The Big Three", or the "Detroit
Three", in the United States?
|
|
|
• Buick,
Chrysler and Lincoln
|
|
• Chevrolet,
Plymouth and Ford
|
|
• General
Motors, Chrysler and Ford
|
|
• General
Motors, Dodge and Ford
|
|
|
Nos Estados Unidos, que construtores automóveis são conhecidos como "As
Três Grandes" ou as "Três de Detroit"?
|
|
|
• Buick,
Chrysler e Lincoln
|
|
• Chevrolet,
Plymouth e Ford
|
|
• General
Motors, Chrysler e Ford
|
|
• General
Motors, Dodge e Ford
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
Disk brakes, which we take for granted, were patented by British inventor
Frederick William Lanchester in 1901. They didn't appear in North American
cars until Chrysler introduced them in the early 1950s, and they became
standard only in the 1980s. Born in London, England, Lanchester entered
Hartley University College (now the University of Southampton) in 1891,
and then the National School of Science at Imperial College. His first
post-school work was a theory of aerodynamics, which he developed in 1892
but was persuaded not to publish, as his theories in this "outlandish"
field would ruin his reputation as an engineer. He did manage to publish
a new system for color photography in 1895, a field of high repute at the
time. Three of the eight Lanchester brothers started the Lanchester Engine
Company in 1900 to sell his designs on the market. Many features of the
original were retained in their production models, including the mid-mounted
engine between the front seat that led to the lack of a "hood"
area. The transmission was based on his own compound epicyclical gearing,
giving three forward speeds, and drove the rear axle through his own Lanchester
worm gearing. The transmission also included a system similar to modern
disk brakes that clamped the clutch disk for braking, rather than using
a separate system as in most cars.
|
|
|
|
  |
|
The image shows the disk brake of a modern automobile. What's the name
of the yellow part?
|
|
|
• Brake
caliber
|
|
• Brake
pad support
|
|
• Brake
pump
|
|
• Brake
caliper
|
|
|
A imagem mostra o travão de disco de um moderno veículo automóvel. Como
se chama a peça amarela?
|
|
|
• Calibrador
do travão
|
|
• Bomba
do travão
|
|
• Pinça
do travão
|
|
• Cáliper
do freio
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
What does the picture on the left show?
|
|
|
• Rotary peristaltic pump
|
|
• Centrifugal pump with backward-swept impeller
|
|
• Hand-operated, reciprocating water pump
|
|
|
O que representa as imagem à esquerda?
|
|
|
• Bomba peristáltica
|
|
• Bomba centrífuga c/ rotor c/ pás com curvatura traseira
|
|
• Bomba de água alternativa de operação manual
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
Where is the PVC valve on the engine?
|
|
|
• In the
intake manifold
|
|
• In the
exhaust manifold
|
|
• On the
valve cover
|
|
• It's
not on the engine
|
|
|
Onde se encontra localizada no motor a válvula PVC?
|
|
|
• No colector
de admissão
|
|
• No colector
de escape
|
|
• Na tampa
das válvulas
|
|
• Em nenhum
lado do motor
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
When combustion temperatures exceed 2500 °F, atmospheric nitrogen begins
to react with oxygen during combustion. The result is various compounds
called nitrogen oxides (NOx), which play a major role in urban air pollution.
To reduce the formation of NOx, combustion temperatures must be kept below
the NOx threshold. This is done by __________ a small amount of exhaust
through the "exhaust gas __________ valve", or EGR valve. The
EGR valve controls a small passageway between the intake and exhaust manifolds.
When the valve opens, intake vacuum draws exhaust through the valve. This
dilutes the incoming air/fuel mixture and has a quenching effect on combustion
temperatures which keeps NOX within acceptable limits. As an added benefit,
it also reduces the engine’s octane requirements which lessens the danger
of detonation (spark knock). The EGR valve consists of a poppet valve and
a vacuum diaphragm. When vacuum is applied to the EGR valve diaphragm,
it pulls the valve open allowing exhaust to pass from the exhaust manifold
into the intake manifold.
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the field of automotive engineering, what does
'EGR' stand for?
|
|
|
• Exhaust
Gas Regulator
|
|
• Engine
Glow-plug Relay
|
|
• Exhaust
Gas Recirculation
|
|
• Enhanced
Gas Recovery
|
|
|
Em engenharia automóvel, o que significa 'EGR'?
|
|
|
• Exhaust
Gas Regulator
|
|
• Engine
Glow-plug Relay
|
|
• Exhaust
Gas Recirculation
|
|
• Enhanced
Gas Recovery
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars
was invented by GM engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The invention
of the electric starter motor by Charles Kettering eliminated the need
for hand cranking. United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Charles
Kettering of Dayton, Ohio in 1915. Charles Kettering became the founder
of Delco (Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company). He also went on to
invent other automotive lighting and ignition systems, lacquer finishes
for cars, antiknock fuels, leaded gasoline, and an electric cash register.
Vincent Hugo Bendix was born in Moline, Illinois on August 12, 1882. In
1901, Vincent was hired by Glenn Curtiss to work on the Torpedo motorcycle,
and later in 1904, Bendix worked as general sales manager for Holsman Automobile
Company, where he learned all about the internal combustion engine and
decided make a career in automobile design. In 1911, Vincent patented the
Bendix drive for electric starters, an improvement to the hand cranked
starters of the time. Bendix advertised it as "the mechanical hand
that cranks your car." The first automobile to use the Bendix starter
drive was the 1914 Chevrolet "Baby Grand". In 1924, after meeting
French engineer Henri Perrot at a European auto show, Bendix acquired the
license to Perrot's shoe-brake patents. With these, Vincent Bendix embarked
upon a remarkable career with the launch of the Bendix Engineering Works
and the Bendix® trademark, a brand name that is still recognized and used
long after the founder’s death in 1945.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Which of these starter motor parts turns the flywheel to start the engine?
|
|
|
• Bendix
|
|
• Nose
Cone
|
|
• Solenoid
|
|
• Brushes
|
|
|
Qual das peças seguintes do motor de arranque faz rodar o volante do motor,
para o colocar em funcionamento?
|
|
|
• Bendix
|
|
• Cone
da cabeça
|
|
• Bobina
de chamada
|
|
• Escovas
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
Your Porsche pulls sharply to the right when the brakes are applied: Technician
A says the front brakes need to be adjusted. Technician B says the left
front caliper is not working. Who is correct?
|
|
|
• Technician
A
|
|
• Technician
B
|
|
• Both
are right
|
|
• Both
are wrong
|
|
|
O seu Porsche puxa subitamente para a direita quando os travões são aplicados:
o mecânico A diz que os travões dianteiros têm que ser afinados. O mecânico
B diz que a pinça do travão dianteiro esquerdo não está a funcionar. Quem
é que tem razão?
|
|
|
• Mecânico
A
|
|
• Mecânico
B
|
|
• Os dois
têm razão
|
|
• Nenhum
deles sabe o que está a dizer
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
|
 |
| Image: Caterpillar, Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
The image shows a group of parts of a backhoe loader. What would you call
the numbered parts?
|
|
|
1 Hydraulic
Cylinder or Hydraulic Jack?
|
|
2 Box-Type Boom
or Hollow Boom?
|
|
3 Cylinder Rod
or Cylinder Tube?
|
|
4 Stick or Dipper?
|
|
5 Bucket or
Shovel?
|
|
|
Na imagem está representado um grupo de componentes de uma retroescavadora.
Como se chamam as peças numeradas?
|
|
|
1 Cilindro Hidráulico
ou Macaco Hidráulico?
|
|
2 Lança em Caixão
ou Lança Ôca?
|
|
3 Biela do Cilindro
ou Haste do Cilindro?
|
|
4 Braço ou Flecha?
|
|
5 Balde ou Pá?
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
Welding can trace its historic development back to ancient times. The earliest
examples come from the Bronze Age. Small gold circular boxes were made
by pressure welding lap joints together. It is estimated that these boxes
were made more than 2000 years ago. During the Iron Age the Egyptians and
people in the eastern Mediterranean area learned to weld pieces of iron
together. Many tools were found which were made approximately 1000 B.C.
During the Middle Ages, the art of blacksmithing was developed and many
items of iron were produced which were welded by hammering. It was not
until the 19th century that welding, as we know it today was invented.
Approximately 1900, Strohmenger introduced a coated metal electrode in
Great Britain. There was a thin coating of clay or lime, but it provided
a more stable arc. Oscar Kjellberg of Sweden invented a covered or coated
electrode during the period of 1907 to 1914. Stick electrodes were produced
by dipping short lengths of bare iron wire in thick mixtures of carbonates
and silicates, and allowing the coating to dry. Meanwhile, resistance welding
processes were developed, including spot welding, seam welding, projection
welding and flash butt welding. Elihu Thompson originated resistance welding.
His patents were dated 1885-1900. In 1903, a German named Goldschmidt invented
thermite welding that was first used to weld railroad rails. Gas welding
and cutting were perfected during this period as well. The production of
oxygen and later the liquefying of air, along with the introduction of
a blow pipe or torch in 1887, helped the development of both welding and
cutting. Before 1900, hydrogen and coal gas were used with oxygen. However,
in about 1900, a torch suitable for use with low-pressure acetylene was
developed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The root opening is:
|
|
|
A The surface
perpendicular to the weld.
|
|
B Distance between
joint members at the root.
|
|
C The groove
face adjacent to the joint root.
|
|
D None of the
above.
|
|
|
A folga da raiz de uma soldadura é:
|
|
|
A A superfície
perpendicular à soldadura.
|
|
B Distância
entre os membros da junta na raiz.
|
|
C Face da junta
adjacente à raiz da junta.
|
|
D Nenhuma das
hipóteses anteriores.
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
|
To be in the 5G position for welding , a pipe must be located in a:
|
|
|
A Vertical axis.
|
|
B Fixed horizontal
axis.
|
|
C Rotating vertical
axis.
|
|
D Fixed vertical
axis.
|
|
|
Para estar na posição 5G para soldadura, um tubo deve estar:
|
|
|
A Num eixo vertical.
|
|
B Fixo, num
eixo horizontal.
|
|
C Em rotação,
num eixo vertical.
|
|
D Fixo, num
eixo vertical.
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
View or download my Glossary of Welding in European Portuguese published at Confluências – Scientific and Technical Translation e-Journal
|
|
|
Veja ou importe o meu Glossário de Soldadura em Português Europeu publicado em Confluências – Revista de Tradução Científica e Técnica
|
|
|
 |
|
|
A differential pulley: A tackle in which an endless rope passes through
a movable lower pulley, which carries the load, and two fixed coaxial upper
pulleys having different diameters; yields a high mechanical advantage,
i.e., the ratio of force being moved (W) to the effort (Ft).
The theoretical mechanical advantage of a differential pulley, such as
the one pictured in the above figure, depends upon the:
1. Difference in diameters of the two top pulleys;
2. Sum of diameters of the two top pulleys;
3. Length of the rope;
4. Difference in diameters of the two small pulleys.
|
|
|
|
|
In the (frictionless) differential pulley pictured at left:
|
|
|
A What is the
effort (Ft) required to lift the cargo (W)?
|
|
B To lift W by 10 cm
(h), how much rope lenght (H) must
|
|
be
pulled?
|
|
|
Na talha diferencial da imagem à esquerda, e considerando
que não existe atrito entre os elementos do sistema:
|
|
|
A Qual é a força
Ft necessária para elevar a carga W?
|
|
B Para elevar
a carga (W) numa altura de 10 cm (h), qual
|
|
é
o comprimento da corda (H) que deve ser puxado?
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
What kind of valve do you see on the left?
|
|
|
• Globe
valve
|
|
• Gate
valve
|
|
• Butterfly
valve
|
|
• Check
valve
|
|
|
Que tipo de válvula está representado na imagem à esquerda?
|
|
|
• Válvula
de globo
|
|
• Válvula
de cunha
|
|
• Válvula
de borboleta
|
|
• Vávula
de retenção
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
The image at left shows a 6-view orthographic projection of a 90 deg. ellbow
with reinforcing gusset. Which method was used to produce this drawing?
|
|
|
• 1st angle
(European)
|
|
• 3rd angle
(American)
|
|
|
A imagem da esquerda representa as 6 vistas da projecção ortogonal de um
curva de 90 graus com gusset de reforço. Que método foi utilizado para
produzir este desenho?
|
|
|
• 1.º quadrante
(método europeu)
|
|
• 3.º quadrante
(método americano)
|
|
|
Show me the answers | Quero ver as respostas
|
|
|
